heretics, Birkat ha-Minim, which was inserted into the Standing Prayer about AD 80.22 A main reason for this innovation was the high number of Jewish Christians who frequented the synagogue. After the fall of the temple it was important for the successors of the Pharisees to guard the doctrine and exclude from the synagogue Jewish Christians and other ‘heretics’. The saying of Jesus. ‘They shall expel you from the synagogue’ (Jn. 16:2), foresees this painful development. The word of the evangelist,
Page 18